Symptoms caused by kidney and urinary tract abnormalities varies greatly, depending on the kidneys or urinary tract is affected. Fever and malaise (feeling unwell) is a common symptom, but a bladder infection (cystitis) usually does not cause fever. A bacterial infection of the kidneys (pyelonephritis) usually causes a high fever. Kidney cancer sometimes cause a fever.
Most people do pee as much as 4-6 times / day, especially during the day. Frequency (frequent urination) without an accompanying increase in the total amount of urine a day, is a symptom of a bladder infection or irritation of the bladder (eg due to foreign objects, stones, or tumors).
Tumors or other masses that suppress the bladder can also cause increased frequency of urination. Bladder irritation can also cause dysuria (pain when urinating) and urgency (urge to urinate), which can be felt as tenesmus (painful straining almost perceived as continuous). The amount of urine is usually small, but if the patient does not immediately urinate, the urine can come out by itself (control over urination is lost).
Nocturia is the frequent urination at night. Nocturia can be true in the early stages of kidney disease, but could also be due before the person sleeps too much to drink, especially alcohol, coffee, or tea. Nocturia occurs because the kidneys can not concentrate urine properly.
Nocturia is also occurs in patients with heart failure, liver failure or diabetes, although there are no abnormalities in the bladder channel.
Nocturia with the amount of urine that very little can happen when urine flows back into the bladder because of blockage; one reason most often found in elderly men is enlargement of the prostate gland.
Enuresis (bedwetting) at the age of 2-3 years is normal. Enuresis which occurs after the age of 3 years, indicating the existence of a problem, for example:
- Delay in the maturation of muscle and nerve in the lower urinary tract
- Infection or narrowing of the urethra
- Neurogenic bladder (inadequate control of the nerves of the bladder).
The symptoms are often found in the blockage of the urethra is:
- Reluctance to initiate urination,
- The need for straining,
- A weak stream or drip,
- After urination, the urine still dripping.
In men, symptoms are most often caused by pembesaraan prostate and narrowing of the urethra (urethral stricture). Same symptoms in boys, may indicate the presence of congenital abnormalities in the form of narrowing of the urethra or urethral opening is very small. Small opening of the urethra which can also be found in women.
Uri incontinence (inability to hold urination) may occur in various circumstances. Cystocele (herniation / rupture of the bladder into the vagina), the urine can come out when people laugh, cough, running, or lifting heavy loads. Cystocele is usually caused by stretching and pelvic muscle weakness (since birth) or due to changes in hormone levels of estrogen at menopause.
Blockage in the flow from the bladder can cause incontinence if the pressure inside the bladder exceeds the custody of the blockage, even though the bladder is not completely empty.
The presence of gas in the urine is a symptom of a rare, usually indicate a fistula (abnormal connection) between the urinary and intestinal tract. A fistula can be a complication of divertikulits, abscesses and cancer. Fistula between the bladder and the vagina can also cause the presence of gas in the urine. Sometimes bacteria in the urine also form a gas.
Under normal circumstances, an adult throw around a cup of urine to 0.9 L / day. A variety of kidney disease cause disruption of the ability of kidneys to concentrate urine, so the amount of urine thrown exceed 2.25 L.
The amount of urine that very much is usually the result of:
- High blood sugar levels,
- Low levels of antidiuretic hormone produced by the pituitary gland (diabetes insipidus), and
- Decrease in response to antidiuretic hormone (nephrogenic diabetes insipidus).
Kidney disease or blockage of the ureter, bladder or urethra can suddenly lead to reduced production of urine to less than 2 cups / day. If the production of urine with less than 1 cup / day continues, there could be accumulation of metabolic wastes in the blood (azotemia). The decrease in urine can indicate kidney failure is acute or worsening of a chronic kidney disorder.
Urine (urine) which is almost colorless liquid, while the concentrated urine dark yellow. Dyes in foods can cause red-colored urine, whereas the drugs can cause the urine is brown, black, blue, green or red. In addition to its food or medicine, which does not yellow urine is abnormal.
Brown urine may contain the breakdown of hemoglobin (the protein that carries oxygen in red blood cells) or muscle protein. Urine containing the dye due to porphyria to red, whereas the dye due to melanoma causes urine to black. Cloudy urine which indicate the presence of pus caused by a urinary tract infection or crystals of uric acid salts and phosphoric acid. The cause of the abnormal urine color can be known by performing microscopic examination of urine sediment and urine chemistry analysis.
Hematuria (blood in the urine) can cause the urine is red or brown, depending on the amount of blood, old blood in the urine and the acidity of urine. Hematuria without pain may result from bladder cancer or kidney cancer. Hematuria is usually intermittent, and the bleeding stopped spontaneously even though the cancer is still there.
Other causes of hematuria are:
- Glomerulonephritis
- Kidney stones
- Kidney cysts
- Sickle cell disease
- Hydronephrosis.
Pain due to kidney disease is usually felt in the back, namely in the flank area (between the ribs and hips the back). Sometimes the pain spreads to the middle of the abdomen. The cause is stretching of the renal capsule (outer part of the kidney, which is sensitive to pain), it can happen in various circumstances that cause swelling of the kidney tissue. If the kidney is pressed, the pain often arises.
If a kidney stone through the ureter, there will be severe pain. In response to the stones, ureteric contraction causing severe cramping pain in lower back, often radiating to the groin. If the stone is delivered to the bladder, the pain will disappear.
Pain in the bladder is most often caused by bacterial infection. This pain is usually felt above the pubic bone and at the end of the urethra when urinating.
Blockage of urine flow also causes pain over the pubic bone, but if the blockage occurs slowly, usually widening of the bladder not accompanied by pain.
Cancer and prostate enlargement is usually painless, but the inflammation of the prostate (orostatitis) may cause a vague pain or feeling of fullness in the area between the anus and genitals. At the time of ejaculation, sometimes out of bloody semen. This can occur in men who suffer from clotting disorders.
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