Results Diagnosis of Acute nephritic syndrome

Acute nephritic syndrome (acute glomerulonephritis, glomerulonephritis Post-Infection) is an inflammation of the glomeruli causing hematuria (blood in urine), with clumps of red blood cells and proteinuria (protein in urine) variable amount.

CAUSE
Acute nephritic syndrome may occur after a streptococcal infection, such as strep throat. Cases like this are called post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis. Glomeruli were damaged by the accumulation of clumps of bacteria streptococcus antigens from the dead and antibodies that neutralize them. Clots are wrapping membrane and affect its function glomeruli.

Nephritis occur within 1-6 weeks (average 2 weeks) after infection and streptococcal bacteria are dead, so antibiotics will be effective. Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis is most common in children over 3 years and young adulthood. Approximately 50% of cases occur in over 50 years.

Acute nephritic syndrome may also be caused by a reaction to other infections, such as:
- Infection of the artificial body parts
- Bacterial endocarditis
- Pneumonia
- Abscess on the abdominal organs
- Chickenpox
- Hepatitis infeksios
- Syphilis
- Malaria.

SYMPTOMS
Approximately 50% of patients are asymptomatic. If there are symptoms, which first appeared is accompanied by swelling of tissue fluid accumulation (edema), reduced volume of urine and the urine is dark because it contains blood. Initially edema occur as swelling in the face and eyelids, but then it is more dominant in the limbs and can become great. High blood pressure and swelling of the brain can cause headaches, impaired vision and impaired liver function are more serious.

DIAGNOSIS
Urinalysis (urine analysis) showed varying amounts of protein and concentrations of urea and creatinine in the blood are often high. Levels of antibodies to streptococci in the blood can be higher than normal. Sometimes the urine ceased altogether shortly after the occurrence of post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis, blood volume increases suddenly and increased blood potassium levels. If not immediately undergo dialysis, then the patient will die.

Acute nephritic syndrome, which occurs after streptococcal infection is usually easier than undiagnosed because the symptoms often occur when the infection is still ongoing.

TREATMENT
Administration of drugs that suppress the immune system and corticosteroids are not effective, corticosteroids may even worsen the circumstances. If at the time found an acute nephritic syndrome, bacterial infection is still going on, then immediately given antibiotics. If the cause is infection of the artificial body parts (eg artificial heart valves), the prognosis remains good, as long as the infection can be overcome. To overcome the infection is usually made of artificial removal of the infected valve and replace it with a new one along with antibiotics.

Patients should undergo a diet low in protein and salt until renal function improved again. May be given diuretics to help the kidneys remove excess salt and water. To cope with high blood pressure are given anti-hypertensive drugs. In case of severe renal failure, patients need to undergo dialysis.

Prognosis
Most of the patients experienced a complete healing. If laboratory tests indicate the presence of large amounts of protein in the urine or renal function deterioration occurred very quickly, then it is likely to renal failure and kidney damage. At 1% of patients with children and 10% of adult patients, acute nephritic syndrome nephritic syndrome developed into a quickly growing.

Approximately 85-95% of children regained normal kidney function, but have a high risk of suffering from high blood pressure later in life. Approximately 40% of adults experience the healing that is not perfect and still had abnormal kidney function.