Best Solution Treatment of Chronic Renal Failure

Chronic Renal Failure is a slow deterioration of kidney function that leads to accumulation of metabolic wastes in the blood (azotemia).

CAUSE
The cause of chronic renal failure are:
- High blood pressure (hypertension)
- Blockage of the urinary tract
- Glomerulonephritis
- Kidney disorders, such as kidney disease polikista
- Diabetes mellitus (diabetes)
- Autoimmune disorders, such as systemic lupus erythematosus.

SYMPTOMS
In chronic renal failure, symptoms develop slowly. At first there are no symptoms at all, abnormalities of kidney function can only be known from laboratory tests. In chronic renal failure mild to moderate, mild symptoms despite an increase in urea in the blood.

At this stage there are:
- Nocturia, patients with frequent urination at night because the kidneys can not absorb water from the urine, as a result, the volume of urine increases
- High blood pressure, because the kidneys are unable to remove excess salt and water. High blood pressure can cause stroke or heart failure.

In line with the development of the disease, the long metabolic wastes that accumulate in the blood more and more.

At this stage, patients show symptoms:
- Fatigue, tiredness, lack of standby
- Muscle twitching, muscle weakness, cramps
- Needles feeling in the limbs
- Loss of feeling in certain areas
- Seizure occurs when high blood pressure or blood chemistry abnormalities cause brain dysfunction
- Decreased appetite, nausea, vomiting
- Inflammation of the lining of the mouth (stomatitis)
- Bad taste in mouth
- Malnutrition
- Weight loss.

In an already very advanced stage, patients can suffer from ulcers and gastrointestinal bleeding. Her skin is yellow brown and sometimes very high concentrations of urea that crystallized from the sweat and form a white powder on the skin (uremic clot). Some sufferers feel itching all over body.


DIAGNOSIS
On examination the blood will be found:
- Increased levels of urea and creatinine
- Anemia
- Acidosis (increased blood acidity)
- Hypocalcemia (decreased calcium levels)
- Hyperphosphatemia (elevated phosphate levels)
- Increased levels of parathyroid hormone
- Decreased levels of vitamin D
- Potassium levels to normal or slightly increased.

Urine analysis showed a variety of disorders, a discovery of the abnormal cells and high salt concentrations.


TREATMENT
The goal of treatment is to control the symptoms, minimizing complications and slowing disease progression. The causes and circumstances which aggravate kidney failure should be immediately corrected. Diets low in protein (0.4 to 0.8 grams / kg) can slow the progression of chronic renal failure. Additional vitamins B and C is given if the patient underwent a strict diet or dialysis.

In patients with chronic renal failure typically high levels of triglycerides in the blood. This will increase the risk of complications, such as stroke and heart attack. To reduce levels of triglycerides, given gemfibrozil. Sometimes fluid intake is restricted to prevent too low levels of salt (sodium) in the blood. Salt intake is usually not restricted except in case of edema (accumulation of fluid in the tissues) or hypertension.

Foods rich in potassium should be avoided. Hyperkalemia (high potassium levels in the blood) is very dangerous because it increases the risk of heart rhythm disturbances and cardiac arrest. If potassium levels are too high, given polisteren sodium sulfonate to bind potassium, so potassium can be disposed of with feces.

Phosphate levels in the blood is controlled by limiting intake of foods rich in phosphate (eg dairy products, liver, legumes, nuts and soft drinks). Can be given drugs that can bind phosphate, such as calcium carbonate, calcium acetate and aluminum hydroxide.

Anemia occurs because the kidneys fail to produce in sufficient quantity eritropoeitin. Erythropoietin is a hormone that stimulates red blood cell formation. Poietin response to the injection very slowly. Blood transfusions are only given if severe anemia or cause symptoms.

Easy bleeding tendency can temporarily overcome by the transfusion of red blood cells or platelets, or with drugs (such as desmopressin or estrogens). Such actions may be necessary after the patient suffered an injury or before undergoing a surgical procedure or tooth extraction.

Symptoms of heart failure usually occurs due to accumulation of fluid and sodium. In these circumstances be desirable to limit sodium intake or diuretic (eg furosemide, bumetanid and torsemid). Hypertension or severe hypertension were treated with standard hypertension medications. If the initial treatment for kidney failure are no longer effective, then made a long-term dialysis or kidney transplantation.