More How to Treat Cystitis

Cystitis is an infection of the bladder. Bladder infection generally occurs in women, especially in the reproductive period. Some women suffer from recurrent bladder infections.

CAUSE
Bacteria from the vagina can move from the urethra into the bladder. Women often suffer from bladder infections after sexual intercourse, possibly due to urethral injury during sexual intercourse. Sometimes recurrent bladder infections in women occur due to an abnormal relationship between the bladder and the vagina (fistula vesikovaginal).

Bladder infections are rare in men and usually begins as an infection of the urethra that moves into the prostate and the bladder. In addition, bladder infections can occur due to catheter or device used during surgery. The most common cause of recurrent bladder infections in men are prostate infection caused by bacteria that are settled. Antibiotics will immediately eliminate the bacteria from the urine in the bladder, but antibiotics can not penetrate the prostate well so can not relieve the infection in the prostate. Therefore, if the antibiotic is stopped, the bacteria inside the prostate will likely re-infect the bladder.

Abnormal relationship between the bladder and bowel (fistula vesikoenterik) sometimes causes the gas-forming bacteria enter and grow in the bladder. This infection can cause air bubbles in the urine (pneumaturia).


SYMPTOMS
Bladder infection usually causes the urge to urinate and a burning sensation or pain during urination. Pain is usually felt above the pubic bone and is often also felt in the lower back. Other symptoms include nocturia (frequent urination at night). The urine looks cloudy and contain blood.

Sometimes bladder infections cause no symptoms and are known at the time of examination of urine (urinalysis for other reasons.) Cystitis with no symptoms are especially common in the elderly, who may suffer from incontinence uri as a result.


DIAGNOSIS
Diagnosis based on typical symptoms. Taken midstream urine sample (midstream), so that urine is not contaminated by bacteria from the vagina or tip of the penis. The urine is then examined under a microscope to see the presence of red blood cells or white blood cells or other substances. Made a head count of bacteria and cultured to determine the type of bacteria. If infection occurs, it is usually one type of bacteria found in large numbers.

In men, the urine flow was usually sufficient for diagnosis. In women, urine samples are sometimes contaminated by bacteria from the vagina, so it is necessary to take samples of urine directly from the bladder using a catheter.

Other tests are performed to help establish the diagnosis of cystitis are:
- X-rays, to describe the kidneys, ureters and bladder
- Sistouretrografi, to know of any backflow of urine from the bladder and urethra stricture
- Uretrogram retrograde, to determine the presence of narrowing, diverticula or fistula
- Cystoscopy, to see the bladder directly with fiber optics.

TREATMENT
In the elderly, the infection without symptoms usually do not require treatment. For mild cystitis, the first step that can be done is to drink plenty of fluids. This flushing action will waste a lot of bacteria from the body, the remaining bacteria will be eliminated by the body's natural defenses.

Antibiotics by mouth (tablet, capsule, syrup) for 3 days or a single dose is usually effective, as long as complications arise yet. If the infection is resistant, antibiotics are usually given for 7-10 days. To relieve muscle spasms can be given atropine. To reduce the pain may be given fenazopiridin. Symptoms can often be reduced by making the atmosphere of the urine becomes alkaline, ie by drinking baking soda dissolved in water.

Surgery is done to overcome the blockage of urine flow (obstructive uropathy) or to correct structural abnormalities that cause infection more likely. Usually given antibiotics before surgery to reduce the risk of spreading infection throughout the body.

PREVENTION
As a precaution in patients who have undergone more than 2 times cystitis, antibiotics can continue to be given in low doses. Antibiotics can be given every day, 3 times / week or immediately after sexual intercourse.